![]() The blood cells it does make are not fully developed and not able to work normally. With myelodysplastic syndromes, the bone marrow doesn't make enough normal blood cells. ![]() red blood cells to carry oxygen around our bodies.The immature cells go through various stages of development before they are released into the blood as fully developed blood cells. The stem cell makes immature blood cells. All blood cells start from the same type of cell called a stem cell. The bone marrow is the soft inner part of our bones that makes blood cells. Myelodysplastic syndromes get their name from myelo, meaning bone marrow, and dysplasia, meaning abnormal growth. Myelodysplastic syndromes are also called myelodysplasia or MDS for short. This group of conditions causes a drop in the number of normal blood cells. Gene changes inside cells can build up over a person’s lifetime, which might help explain why MDS largely affects older people.What are myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)? Many of these gene changes are probably just random events that sometimes happen inside a cell, without having an outside cause. Exposure to radiation or certain chemicals such as benzene or some chemotherapy drugs can also cause mutations that lead to MDS.īut sometimes the gene changes that lead to MDS seem to occur for no apparent reason. For example, tobacco smoke contains chemicals that can damage genes. Some outside exposures can lead to MDS by damaging the DNA inside bone marrow cells. Often, it’s not known why people without inherited syndromes develop MDS. Gene changes acquired during a person’s lifetime Changes in this gene can lead to blood cells not maturing like they normally would, which can increase the risk of developing MDS. Normally, this gene helps control the development of blood cells. This syndrome is caused by inherited changes in the RUNX1 gene. Researchers have found the gene changes that cause some rare inherited syndromes (like familial platelet disorder with a propensity to myeloid malignancy) linked to an increased risk of developing MDS. Some of these gene changes can be inherited from a parent, but more often they happen during a person’s lifetime. Some of the mutations most often seen in MDS cells include those in the DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, TP53, RUNX1, SRSF2, and SF3B1 genes. Usually mutations in several different genes inside bone marrow cells are needed before a person develops MDS. Genes that help keep cell division under control, or cause cells to die at the right time are called tumor suppressor genes.Ĭancers can be caused by gene mutations (defects) that turn on oncogenes or turn off tumor suppressor genes. ![]()
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